|
Calling all writers
This
guide gives hundreds of plain English alternatives to the pompous words
and phrases that litter official writing. On its own the guide won't teach
you how to write in plain English. There's more to it than just replacing
'hard' words with 'easy' words, and many of these alternatives won't work
in every situation. But it will help if you want to get rid of words like
'notwithstanding', 'expeditiously' and phrases like 'in the majority of
instances' and ' at this moment in time'. And using everyday words is an
important first step towards clearer writing.
Copyright
Plain
English Campaign owns the copyright on this guide. You may save one copy
of the guide to disk, and print one copy out for your personal use. You
may not make more than one copy without our permission.
Using
the A to Z
If
you find yourself about to write, type or dictate a word you wouldn't use
in every day conversation, look it up in the A to Z. You should find a
simpler alternative. Often there will be a choice of several words. You
need to pick the one that best fits what you are trying to say.
New
words
We
have put more than 20 years' experience of writing, editing and training
into this guide. But please let us know if you don't find the word you are
looking for.
You
can go straight to a particular letter in the guide by clicking on this
list:
|
Original word
|
Possible alternatives
|
A
|
|
|
(an)
absence of
|
no,
none
|
|
abundance
|
enough,
plenty, a lot (or say how many)
|
|
accede
to
|
allow,
agree to
|
|
accelerate
|
speed
up
|
|
accentuate
|
stress
|
|
accommodation
|
where
you live, home
|
|
accompanying
|
with
|
|
accomplish
|
do,
finish
|
|
according
to our records
|
our
records show
|
|
accordingly
|
in
line with this, so
|
|
acknowledge
|
thank
you for
|
|
acquaint
yourself with
|
find
out about, read
|
|
acquiesce
|
agree
|
|
acquire
|
buy,
get
|
|
additional
|
extra,
more
|
|
adjacent
|
next
to
|
|
adjustment
|
change,
alteration
|
|
admissible
|
allowed,
acceptable
|
|
advantageous
|
useful,
helpful
|
|
advise
|
tell,
say (unless you are giving advice)
|
|
affix
|
add,
write, fasten, stick on, fix to
|
|
afford
an opportunity
|
let,
allow
|
|
afforded
|
given
|
|
aforesaid
|
this,
earlier in this document
|
|
aggregate
|
total
|
|
aligned
|
lined
up, in line
|
|
alleviate
|
ease,
reduce
|
|
allocate
|
divide,
share, add, give
|
|
along
the lines of
|
like,
as in
|
|
alternative
|
choice,
other
|
|
alternatively
|
or,
on the other hand
|
|
ameliorate
|
improve,
help
|
|
amendment
|
change
|
|
anticipate
|
expect
|
|
apparent
|
clear,
plain, obvious, seeming
|
|
applicant
(the)
|
you
|
|
application
|
use
|
|
appreciable
|
large,
great
|
|
apprise
|
inform,
tell
|
|
appropriate
|
proper,
right, suitable
|
|
appropriate
to
|
suitable
for
|
|
approximately
|
about,
roughly
|
|
as
a consequence of
|
because
|
|
as
of the date of
|
from
|
|
as
regards
|
about,
on the subject of
|
|
ascertain
|
find
out
|
|
assemble
|
build,
gather, put together
|
|
assistance
|
help
|
|
at
an early date
|
soon
(or say when)
|
|
at
its discretion
|
can,
may (or edit out)
|
|
at
the moment
|
now
(or edit out)
|
|
at
the present time
|
now
(or edit out)
|
|
attempt
|
try
|
|
attend
|
come
to, go to, be at
|
|
attributable
to
|
due
to, because of
|
|
authorise
|
allow,
let
|
|
authority
|
right,
power, may (as in 'have the authority to')
|
|
axiomatic
|
obvious,
goes without saying
|
|
|
|
B
|
|
|
belated
|
late
|
|
beneficial
|
helpful,
useful
|
|
bestow
|
give,
award
|
|
breach
|
break
|
|
by
means of
|
by
|
|
|
|
C
|
|
|
calculate
|
work
out, decide
|
|
cease
|
finish,
stop, end
|
|
circumvent
|
get
round, avoid, skirt, circle
|
|
clarification
|
explanation,
help
|
|
combine
|
mix
|
|
combined
|
together
|
|
commence
|
start,
begin
|
|
communicate
|
talk,
write, telephone (be specific)
|
|
competent
|
able,
can
|
|
compile
|
make,
collect
|
|
complete
|
fill
in, finish
|
|
completion
|
end
|
|
comply
with
|
keep
to, meet
|
|
component
|
part
|
|
comprise
|
be
made up of, include
|
|
(it
is) compulsory
|
(you)
must
|
|
conceal
|
hide
|
|
concerning
|
about,
on
|
|
conclusion
|
end
|
|
concur
|
agree
|
|
condition
|
rule
|
|
consequently
|
so
|
|
considerable
|
great,
important
|
|
constitute
|
make
up, form, be
|
|
construe
|
interpret
|
|
consult
|
talk
to, meet, ask
|
|
consumption
|
amount
used
|
|
contemplate
|
think
about
|
|
contrary
to
|
against,
despite
|
|
correct
|
put
right
|
|
correspond
|
write
|
|
costs
the sum of
|
costs
|
|
counter
|
against
|
|
courteous
|
polite
|
|
cumulative
|
added
up, added together
|
|
currently
|
now
(or edit out)
|
|
customary
|
usual,
normal
|
|
|
|
D
|
|
deduct
|
take
off, take away
|
|
deem
to be
|
treat
as
|
|
defer
|
put
off, delay
|
|
deficiency
|
lack
of
|
|
delete
|
cross
out
|
|
demonstrate
|
show,
prove
|
|
denote
|
show
|
|
depict
|
show
|
|
designate
|
point
out, show, name
|
|
desire
|
wish,
want
|
|
despatch
or dispatch
|
send,
post
|
|
despite
the fact that
|
though,
although
|
|
determine
|
decide,
work out, set, end
|
|
detrimental
|
harmful,
damaging
|
|
difficulties
|
problems
|
|
diminish
|
lessen,
reduce
|
|
disburse
|
pay,
pay out
|
|
discharge
|
carry
out
|
|
disclose
|
tell,
show
|
|
disconnect
|
cut
off, unplug
|
|
discontinue
|
stop,
end
|
|
discrete
|
separate
|
|
discuss
|
talk
about
|
|
disseminate
|
spread
|
|
documentation
|
papers,
documents
|
|
domiciled
in
|
living
in
|
|
dominant
|
main
|
|
due
to the fact of
|
because,
as
|
|
duration
|
time,
life
|
|
during
which time
|
while
|
|
dwelling
|
home
|
|
|
|
E
|
|
|
economical
|
cheap,
good value
|
|
eligible
|
allowed,
qualified
|
|
elucidate
|
explain,
make clear
|
|
emphasise
|
stress
|
|
empower
|
allow,
let
|
|
enable
|
allow
|
|
enclosed
|
inside,
with
|
|
(please
find) enclosed
|
I
enclose
|
|
encounter
|
meet
|
|
endeavour
|
try
|
|
enquire
|
ask
|
|
enquiry
|
question
|
|
ensure
|
make
sure
|
|
entitlement
|
right
|
|
envisage
|
expect,
imagine
|
|
equivalent
|
equal,
the same
|
|
erroneous
|
wrong
|
|
establish
|
show,
find out, set up
|
|
evaluate
|
test,
check
|
|
evince
|
show,
prove
|
|
ex
officio
|
because
of his or her position
|
|
exceptionally
|
only
when, in this case
|
|
excessive
|
too
many, too much
|
|
exclude
|
leave
out
|
|
excluding
|
apart
from, except
|
|
exclusively
|
only
|
|
exempt
from
|
free
from
|
|
expedite
|
hurry,
speed up
|
|
expeditiously
|
as
soon as possible, quickly
|
|
expenditure
|
spending
|
|
expire
|
run
out
|
|
extant
|
current,
in force
|
|
extremity
|
limit
|
|
|
|
F
|
|
|
fabricate
|
make,
make up
|
|
facilitate
|
help,
make possible
|
|
factor
|
reason
|
|
failure
to
|
if
you do not
|
|
finalise
|
end,
finish
|
|
following
|
after
|
|
for
the duration of
|
during,
while
|
|
for
the purpose of
|
to,
for
|
|
for
the reason that
|
because
|
|
formulate
|
plan,
devise
|
|
forthwith
|
now,
at once
|
|
forward
|
send
|
|
frequently
|
often
|
|
furnish
|
give
|
|
further
to
|
after,
following
|
|
furthermore
|
then,
also, and
|
|
|
|
G
|
|
generate
|
produce,
give, make
|
|
give
consideration to
|
consider,
think about
|
|
grant
|
give
|
|
|
|
H
|
|
henceforth
|
from
now on, from today
|
|
hereby
|
now,
by this (or edit out)
|
|
herein
|
here
(or edit out)
|
|
hereinafter
|
after
this (or edit out)
|
|
hereof
|
of
this
|
|
hereto
|
to
this
|
|
heretofore
|
until
now, previously
|
|
hereunder
|
below
|
|
herewith
|
with
this (or edit out)
|
|
hitherto
|
until
now
|
|
hold
in abeyance
|
wait,
postpone
|
|
hope
and trust
|
hope,
trust (but not both)
|
|
|
|
I
|
|
if
and when
|
if,
when (but not both)
|
|
illustrate
|
show,
explain
|
|
immediately
|
at
once, now
|
|
implement
|
carry
out, do
|
|
imply
|
suggest,
hint at
|
|
in
a number of cases
|
some
(or say how many)
|
|
in
accordance with
|
as
under, in line with, because of
|
|
in
addition (to)
|
and,
as well as, also
|
|
in
advance
|
before
|
|
in
case of
|
if
|
|
in
conjunction with
|
and,
with
|
|
in
connection with
|
for,
about
|
|
in
consequence
|
because,
as a result
|
|
in
excess of
|
more
than
|
|
in
lieu of
|
instead
of
|
|
in
order that
|
so
that
|
|
in
receipt of
|
get,
have, receive
|
|
in
relation to
|
about
|
|
in
respect of
|
about,
for
|
|
in
the absence of
|
without
|
|
in
the course of
|
while,
during
|
|
in
the event of/that
|
if
|
|
in
the majority of instances
|
most,
mostly
|
|
in
the near future
|
soon
|
|
in
the neighbourhood of
|
about,
around
|
|
in
view of the fact that
|
as,
because
|
|
inappropriate
|
wrong,
unsuitable
|
|
inception
|
start,
beginning
|
|
incorporating
|
which
includes
|
|
incurred
|
have
to pay, owe
|
|
indicate
|
show,
suggest
|
|
inform
|
tell
|
|
initially
|
at
first
|
|
initiate
|
begin,
start
|
|
insert
|
put
in
|
|
instances
|
cases
|
|
intend
to
|
will
|
|
intimate
|
say,
hint
|
|
irrespective
of
|
despite,
even if
|
|
is
in accordance with
|
agrees
with, follows
|
|
is
of the opinion
|
thinks
|
|
issue
|
give,
send
|
|
it
is known that
|
I/we
know that
|
|
|
|
J
|
|
jeopardise
|
risk,
threaten
|
|
|
|
L
|
|
(a)
large number of
|
many,
most (or say how many)
|
|
(to)
liaise with
|
to
meet with, to discuss with, to work with (whichever is more
descriptive)
|
|
locality
|
place,
area
|
|
locate
|
find,
put
|
|
|
|
M
|
|
magnitude
|
size
|
|
(it
is) mandatory
|
(you)
must
|
|
manner
|
way
|
|
manufacture
|
make
|
|
marginal
|
small,
slight
|
|
material
|
relevant
|
|
materialise
|
happen,
occur
|
|
may
in the future
|
may,
might, could
|
|
merchandise
|
goods
|
|
mislay
|
lose
|
|
modification
|
change
|
|
moreover
|
and,
also, as well
|
|
|
|
N
|
|
negligible
|
very
small
|
|
nevertheless
|
but,
however, even so
|
|
notify
|
tell,
let us/you know
|
|
notwithstanding
|
even
if, despite, still, yet
|
|
numerous
|
many
(or say how many)
|
|
|
|
O
|
|
objective
|
aim,
goal
|
|
(it
is) obligatory
|
(you)
must
|
|
obtain
|
get,
receive
|
|
occasioned
by
|
caused
by, because of
|
|
on
behalf of
|
for
|
|
on
numerous occasions
|
often
|
|
on
receipt of
|
when
we/you get
|
|
on
request
|
if
you ask
|
|
on
the grounds that
|
because
|
|
on
the occasion that
|
when,
if
|
|
operate
|
work,
run
|
|
optimum
|
best,
ideal
|
|
option
|
choice
|
|
ordinarily
|
normally,
usually
|
|
otherwise
|
or
|
|
outstanding
|
unpaid
|
|
owing
to
|
because
of
|
|
|
|
P
|
|
(a)
percentage of
|
some
(or say what percentage)
|
|
partially
|
partly
|
|
participate
|
join
in, take part
|
|
particulars
|
details,
facts
|
|
per
annum
|
a
year
|
|
perform
|
do
|
|
permissible
|
allowed
|
|
permit
|
let,
allow
|
|
personnel
|
people,
staff
|
|
persons
|
people,
anyone
|
|
peruse
|
read,
read carefully, look at
|
|
place
|
put
|
|
possess
|
have,
own
|
|
possessions
|
belongings
|
|
practically
|
almost,
nearly
|
|
predominant
|
main
|
|
prescribe
|
set,
fix
|
|
preserve
|
keep,
protect
|
|
previous
|
earlier,
before, last
|
|
principal
|
main
|
|
prior
to
|
before
|
|
proceed
|
go
ahead
|
|
procure
|
get,
obtain, arrange
|
|
profusion
of
|
plenty,
too many (or say how many)
|
|
prohibit
|
ban,
stop
|
|
(to)
progress something
|
(replace
with a more precise phrase saying what you are doing)
|
|
projected
|
estimated
|
|
prolonged
|
long
|
|
promptly
|
quickly,
at once
|
|
promulgate
|
advertise,
announce
|
|
proportion
|
part
|
|
provide
|
give
|
|
provided
that
|
if,
as long as
|
|
provisions
|
rules,
terms
|
|
proximity
|
closeness,
nearness
|
|
purchase
|
buy
|
|
pursuant
to
|
under,
because of, in line with
|
|
|
|
Q
|
|
|
qualify
for
|
can
get, be able to get
|
|
|
|
R
|
|
|
reconsider
|
think
again about, look again at
|
|
reduce
|
cut
|
|
reduction
|
cut
|
|
referred
to as
|
called
|
| |